The End of the World is a Cul de Sac

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In the 1920s, the garden city movement became more popular in the United States and, with it, came its design elements, such as the cul-de-sac. Clarence Stein, a main proponent of the movement, incorporated it in the Radburn, New Jersey (1929) subdivision, which was to become a model for subsequent neighborhood developments. The first modern cul-de-sac (1922) in America might be found in Buffalo, New York. [7] a b c Safire, William (2008-07-13). "On Language: Dead End". New York Times . Retrieved 2008-12-04.

The End of the World is a Cul de Sac (Paperback) - Waterstones The End of the World is a Cul de Sac (Paperback) - Waterstones

a b Taming the Flow—Better Traffic and Safer Neighbourhoods. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, July 2008 The natural world and the changing seasons are central to the stories, acting as a salve to the harshness of life and a reminder that time marches on. Kennedys heroines are just the same in the way that they accept their challenges. I’m not a lover of short stories normally but these blew me away. I find this genre can leave the reader frustrated and unsatisfied with the conclusion. Short stories can also be obscure and inaccessible. Kennedy provides clarity and resolution to each story which I found really enjoyable. I wanted to read more about her characters. I was fully committed to each story. Real estate developers prefer culs-de-sac because they allow builders to fit more houses into oddly-shaped tracts of land and facilitate building to the edges of rivers and property lines. [12] They also choose these discontinuous network patterns of cul-de-sac and loop streets because of the often significant economies in infrastructure costs compared to the grid plan. Gritty, bitter, hard-won. . . Kennedy’s voice, and her unforgiving gaze, are electric.”— Sunday Times (London) The Ancients in All Towns were for having some intricate Ways and turn again Streets [i.e., dead ends or loops], without any Passage through them, that if an Enemy comes into them, he may be at a Loss, and be in Confusion and Suspense; or if he pushes on daringly, may be easily destroyed.a b Ben-Joseph, Eran (1995). "Livability and Safety of Suburban Street Patterns: A Comparative Study". University of California, Working Paper. 641. Berkeley, CA: Institute of Urban and Regional Development. {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help) The country's Federal Housing Authority (FHA) recommended and promoted their use through their 1936 guidelines [8] and the power of lending development funds. The earliest examples of dead ends were unearthed in the El Lahun workers' village in Egypt, which was built circa 1885 BC. The village is laid out with straight streets that intersect at right angles, akin to a grid but irregular. The western part of the excavated village, where the workers lived, shows fifteen narrow and short dead-ends laid out perpendicularly on either side of a wider, straight street; all terminate at the enclosing walls. [ citation needed] This collection of short stories is the debut of Louise Kennedy. Each story follows an Irish woman in varying circumstances, giving us a glimpse into their lives, their relationships and the difficulties they face.

The End of the World Is a Cul de Sac - Penguin Random House

What a collection of stories! One of the best I've ever read: funny and searing and true -- Sarah Crossan An enchanting short story from Madeline Miller that boldly reimagines the myth of Galatea and Pygmalion, now in hardcover for the first time Can Streets Be Made Safe? – Hillier, Bill; Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London United States [ edit ] A cul-de-sac in Sacramento, California Dead end sign in English and Spanish in Otay Mesa, San Diego Dead-end streets also appeared during the classical period of Athens and Rome. The 15th century architect and planner Leon Battista Alberti implies in his writings that dead-end streets may have been used intentionally in antiquity for defense purposes. He writes: [4]In Australia, dead-end streets are signposted as and often referred to as a "No Through Road". Suffixes for these types of streets include "court", "close" or "place". [49] The term "cul-de-sac" generally only refers to a reasonably short street with a bulbous end, or even only to the end portion. A long road that is a no-through road and terminates abruptly is usually called a dead end. How much agency does a person have, especially in moments of turmoil, is the question at the heart of Kennedy’s first volume of short stories, set in a contemporary Ireland divided by wealth and education. The studies recommend the use of the cul-de-sac or strong traffic calming measures. When culs-de-sac are interconnected with foot and bike paths, as for example in Vauban, Freiburg and Village Homes in Davis, California, they can increase active modes of mobility among their residents. [22] The word "cul-de-sac" and its synonyms or near synonyms "dead end" and "no exit" have inspired metaphorical uses in literature and in culture, often with the result that a word or phrase seeming to have a negative connotation is replaced in street signs with a new coinage ("no outlet" is another alternative name used on street signs).

Louise Kennedy (Author of Trespasses) - Goodreads Louise Kennedy (Author of Trespasses) - Goodreads

A story about a North of Ireland teenager putting on make-up to go to a bar unleashes a narrative of other concealments and disguises. At the outset you think it might be a wry, funny story – a character is not allowed enter a chemist’s shop because “Mr Crawford, the owner, is in the DUP” – like something written by a Lower Falls Lorrie Moore. But it shimmers into a mosaic of astonishing violence and memory. Louise Kennedy’s stories are changelings. Darkly funny, beautifully crafted, intense - this is an outstanding first collection from a natural story writer -- Kevin Barry More generally, the New Urbanism movement has offered criticism of the cul-de-sac and crescent (loop) street types not intended to network with each other. It has been suggested that such street layouts can cause increased traffic on the collector streets. It is recognized that culs-de-sac and looped streets inherently remove car traffic through them and restrict access to residents only. Resident traffic is naturally channelled to minor residential collectors and to arterials that provide inter-neighbourhood and inter-district connectivity. A study, reported in 1990, [35] compared the traffic performance in a 700-acre (2.8km 2; 280ha) development that was laid out using two approaches, one with and the other without hierarchy or cul-de-sac streets. It concluded that the non-hierarchical, traditional layout generally shows lower peak speed and shorter, more frequent intersection delays than the hierarchical pattern. The traditional pattern is not as conducive to long trips as the hierarchical but more conducive to short trips. Local trips in it are shorter in distance but about equivalent in time with the hierarchical layout. A later similar comparative traffic study [31] of about 830 acres (3.4km 2; 340ha) concluded that all types of layouts perform adequately in most land-use scenarios and that a refined hierarchical, dendrite network can improve traffic performance. Even if you don’t typically read short stories, I’d recommend this collection. Dip in and out of it, keep it by your bedside, read a story a day. Immensely enjoyable. 4-4.5/5 ⭐️ a b Frank, L. & Hawkins, C. (2008). Assessing Travel and Environmental Impacts of Contrasting Levels of Vehicular and Pedestrian Connectivity: Assessing Aspects of the Fused Grid. Ottawa: Canada Mortgageand Housing Corporation.Remember, if you vote for a book and it wins, you are implicitly promising to read the book and participate in the discussion. Dumbaugh, Eric & Rae, Robert (2009). "Safe Urban Form: Revisiting the Relationship Between Community Design and Traffic Safety". Journal of the American Planning Association. 75 (3): 309–329. doi: 10.1080/01944360902950349. S2CID 153379995. The same opinion is expressed by an earlier thinker, Aristotle, when he criticized the Hippodamian grid: [5]