Professor PUZZLE Moral Conflict

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Social discounting involves modulation of neural value signals by temporoparietal junction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015; 112: 1619–1624. 10.1073/pnas.1414715112 Ceccato S, Kettner SE, Kudielka BM, Schwieren C, Voss A. Social preferences under chronic stress. PLoS One. 2018; 13: e0199528 Furthermore, we did not explicitly control for socially desirable responding in our surveys. Nevertheless, we tried to keep the potential impact of social desirability as low as possible by ensuring strict anonymity to all our participants. Moreover, we excluded all items with extremely high percentages of altruistic decisions. For the remaining items, we observed statistical variance both within participants and across items, which probably speaks against highly socially desirable responding. In our data, we did not observe that the percentage of altruistic decisions differed depending on the social closeness of the protagonists. This is in contrast to the results of Zhan and colleagues [ 31], the only study so far that investigated the impact of social closeness on everyday moral decision-making. Contrary to Zhan et al. [ 31], we only observed a slightly, but not significantly lower percentage of altruistic decisions for the items with socially distant protagonists than for the items with socially close protagonists, and this difference only reached a very small effect size ( d = 0.12). Additionally, Rasch model analyses indicated that there was one underlying latent trait variable, which further speaks against a significant impact of social closeness on everyday moral decision-making in our surveys. This divergent finding could possibly be explained by methodological differences. Since Zhan et al. [ 31] did not provide concrete examples of their stimulus material in their manuscript, it remains unclear whether their vignettes represented everyday moral conflict situations. Furthermore, our data also appear to be in contrast to several abstract moral decision-making studies, which showed that social closeness is an important experimental design parameter in moral dilemma research ([ 5, 28– 30]; see also [ 2]). One potential explanation could be that abstract moral dilemmas describe dead-or-alive situations, whereas the consequences of the response alternatives in our everyday moral dilemmas are less grave. Therefore, one might be more willing to accept the costs of an egoistic response option not only for socially distant others, but also to some degree for socially close persons. S2 File: SPSS data of Studies 1 and 3. Based on this data set ( n = 150), we developed the two parallelized item sets for future use in within-subjects design studies and assessed the test and measurement properties of the EMCS Scale.

Capraro V, Sippel J. Gender differences in moral judgment and the evaluation of gender-specified moral agents. Cogn Process. 2017; 18: 399–405. 10.1007/s10339-017-0822-9 I am running to catch a bus that is about to leave and that only runs once every hour. In front of me, several items drop out of the purse of a woman with two small children. Except for me, there is no one else around to help the woman. What do I do?

Capraro V, Everett JAC, Earp BD. Priming intuition decreases endorsement of instrumental harm but not impartial beneficence; 14 It is the soccer world cup and the final match is on TV. I am a big soccer fan and very excited about the game. All of a sudden, a friend of mine who is not feeling well gives me a call and wants to meet up with me right now. What do I do?

I have promised my partner to go to the company party with him/her. He/she has already signed both of us up. Now I realize that I would urgently need the time to prepare for an important exam. What do I do? With regard to the test and measurement properties, our results showed that both the EMCS Scale and its two subsets A and B fitted the Rasch model, which implied that there was one underlying latent trait variable. Furthermore, the classical test theory fit index Cronbach’s alpha indicated reasonable internal consistencies for the total EMCS Scale as well as the two item sets A and B (0.60 ≤ α≥ 0.84). Even the fragmentation into four parts still resulted in a sufficient estimation by the Rasch model, although Cronbach’s alpha results spoke against an uncoupled use of only these 10-items parts. Thus, both the complete EMCS Scale and its two parallelized subsets A and B can be utilized as valid measures for decision-making in everyday moral conflict situations. Will you be able to claim the moral high ground or does your moral compass need some fine-tuning? This game of moral conflict will soon show you!

Singer N, Sommer M, Döhnel K, Zänkert S, Wüst S, Kudielka BM. Acute psychosocial stress and everyday moral decision-making in young healthy men: the impact of cortisol. Horm Behav. 2017; 93: 72–81. 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.05.002 In the final version, the items 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 20 (socially close protagonists) and 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40 (socially distant protagonists) were assigned to set A; the items 1, 3, 4, 6, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19 (socially close protagonists) and 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 36 (socially distant protagonists) became part of set B (see last column in S1 Table). It's always an excellent service with brilliant products at a very competitive price - will use again! Stress alters personal moral decision making. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012; 37: 491–498. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.017