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A football team has some players who play offense and others who play defense. The two teams take turns playing offense and defense. gridiron football (sport)". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 14 June 2010 . Retrieved 13 July 2010. Bennett, Tom (1976). The Pro Style: The Complete Guide to Understanding National Football League Strategy. Los Angeles: National Football League Properties, Inc., Creative Services Division. p.20. On 6 November 1869, Rutgers faced Princeton in a game that was played with a round ball and, like all early games, used improvised rules. It is usually regarded as the first game of American intercollegiate football. [48] [115] The Harvard v McGill game in 1874. It is considered the first rugby football game played in the United States. NZ Football – The Local Name of the Global Game". NZFootball.co.nz. 27 April 2006. Archived from the original on 22 September 2009. The international game is called football and we're part of the international game so the game in New Zealand should be called football

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History of the Royal Caledonian Society of Melbourne". Electricscotland.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2010 . Retrieved 19 June 2010. An ancient Roman tombstone of a boy with a Harpastum ball from Tilurium (modern Sinj, Croatia) Ancient Greece and Rome Canadian football – called simply "football" in Canada; "football" in Canada can mean either Canadian or American football depending on context. All of the variants listed for American football are also attested for Canadian football. Derek Birley (Sport and The Making of Britain). 1993. Manchester University Press. p. 32. 978-0719037597

The Māori in New Zealand played a game called Ki-o-rahi consisting of teams of seven players play on a circular field divided into zones, and score points by touching the 'pou' (boundary markers) and hitting a central 'tupu' or target. [ citation needed] A more detailed description of football is given in Francis Willughby's Book of Games, written in about 1660. [55] Willughby, who had studied at Bishop Vesey's Grammar School, Sutton Coldfield, is the first to describe goals and a distinct playing field: "a close that has a gate at either end. The gates are called Goals." His book includes a diagram illustrating a football field. He also mentions tactics ("leaving some of their best players to guard the goal"); scoring ("they that can strike the ball through their opponents' goal first win") and the way teams were selected ("the players being equally divided according to their strength and nimbleness"). He is the first to describe a "law" of football: "they must not strike [an opponent's leg] higher than the ball". [56] [57]

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One of the longest running football fixture is the Cordner-Eggleston Cup, contested between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College, Melbourne every year since 1858. It is believed by many to also be the first match of Australian rules football, although it was played under experimental rules in its first year. The first football trophy tournament was the Caledonian Challenge Cup, donated by the Royal Caledonian Society of Melbourne, played in 1861 under the Melbourne Rules. [80] The oldest football league is a rugby football competition, the United Hospitals Challenge Cup (1874), while the oldest rugby trophy is the Yorkshire Cup, contested since 1878. The South Australian Football Association (30 April 1877) is the oldest surviving Australian rules football competition. The oldest surviving soccer trophy is the Youdan Cup (1867) and the oldest national football competition is the English FA Cup (1871). The Football League (1888) is recognised as the longest running association football league. The first international football match took place between sides representing England and Scotland on 5 March 1870 at the Oval under the authority of the FA. The first rugby international took place in 1871. In 1903, Burnside rules were introduced to Ontario Rugby Football Union, which transformed Canadian football from a rugby-style game to the gridiron-style game. These codes have in common the prohibition of the use of hands (by all players except the goalkeeper, though outfield players can "throw-in" the ball when it goes out of play), unlike other codes where carrying or handling the ball by all players is allowed

In 1880, Yale coach Walter Camp, who had become a fixture at the Massasoit House conventions where the rules were debated and changed, devised a number of major innovations. Camp's two most important rule changes that diverged the American game from rugby were replacing the scrummage with the line of scrimmage and the establishment of the down-and-distance rules. [119] American football still however remained a violent sport where collisions often led to serious injuries and sometimes even death. [120] This led U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to hold a meeting with football representatives from Harvard, Yale, and Princeton on 9 October 1905, urging them to make drastic changes. [121] One rule change introduced in 1906, devised to open up the game and reduce injury, was the introduction of the legal forward pass. Though it was underutilised for years, this proved to be one of the most important rule changes in the establishment of the modern game. [122] History of the RFU". Rugby Football Union. Archived from the original on 22 April 2010 . Retrieved 28 September 2011. All logos are the trademark & property of their owners and not Sports Reference LLC. We present them here for purely educational purposes.

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The Social Significance of Sport" (PDF). The Economic and Social Research Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 October 2008 . Retrieved 21 October 2008. Modern North American football grew out of a match between McGill University of Montreal and Harvard University in 1874. During the game, the two teams alternated between the rugby-based rules used by McGill and the Boston Game rules used by Harvard. [116] [117] [118] Within a few years, Harvard had both adopted McGill's rules and persuaded other U.S. university teams to do the same. On 23 November 1876, representatives from Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Columbia met at the Massasoit Convention in Springfield, Massachusetts, agreeing to adopt most of the Rugby Football Union rules, with some variations. [119] Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (London, England), Sunday, 13 January 1839. New Readerships Sports clubs dedicated to playing football began in the 18th century, for example London's Gymnastic Society which was founded in the mid-18th century and ceased playing matches in 1796. [65] [63] Bossaball – mixes association football and volleyball and gymnastics; played on inflatables and trampolines.

Keepie uppie (keep up) – the art of juggling with a football using the feet, knees, chest, shoulders, and head. Kirkland, Alex (30 January 2021). "Lionel Messi's leaked Barcelona contract the biggest in sports history – report". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 . Retrieved 31 January 2021.

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a b c d e f g h i j Football: The First Hundred Years. The Untold Story. Adrian Harvey. 2005. Routledge, London Scoring goals or points by moving the ball to an opposing team's end of the field and either into a goal area, or over a line. American football is played on a grassy, rectangular field. The field is 120 yards (110 meters) long and 160 feet (49 meters) wide. White lines called end lines and sidelines mark the edges of the field. Irish inventions: fact and fiction". Carlow-nationalist.ie. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012 . Retrieved 16 April 2012.a b "Camp and His Followers: American Football 1876–1889" (PDF). The Journey to Camp: The Origins of American Football to 1889. Professional Football Researchers Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2010 . Retrieved 26 January 2010. a b "The Foot-Ball Club in Edinburgh, 1824–1841 – The National Archives of Scotland". Government of the United Kingdom. 13 November 2007. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013 . Retrieved 19 June 2010.