Hastings Street Atlas (A-Z Street Atlas S.)

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Most contemporary accounts have William landing at Pevensey, with only the E version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle giving the landing as taking place at Hastings. [43] Most modern accounts also state that William's forces landed at Pevensey. [32] [38] [39] [40] [41] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50]

William's disposition of his forces implies that he planned to open the battle with archers in the front rank weakening the enemy with arrows, followed by infantry who would engage in close combat. The infantry would create openings in the English lines that could be exploited by a cavalry charge to break through the English forces and pursue the fleeing soldiers. [90] Beginning of the battle View of the battlefield looking towards Senlac Hill Barlow, Frank (1988). The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (Fourthed.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49504-0. Coad, Jonathan (2007). Battle Abbey and Battlefield. English Heritage Guidebooks. London: English Heritage. ISBN 978-1-905624-20-1. The first recorded mention of the tapestry is from 1476, but it is similar in style to late Anglo-Saxon manuscript illustrations and may have been composed and executed in England. [139] The Tapestry now is displayed at the former Bishop's Palace at Bayeux in France. [140]Hastings local history Wiki". Archived from the original on 31 October 2019 . Retrieved 2 November 2019. Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (Thirded.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5. Hastings Castle was built in 1070 by the Normans, four years after the Norman invasion. It is located on the West Hill, overlooking the town centre and is a Grade I listed building. Little remains of the castle apart from the arch left from the chapel, part of the walls and dungeons. The nearby St. Clements Caves are home to the Smugglers Adventure, which features interactive displays relating to the history of smuggling on the south coast of England. More is known about the Norman deployment. [94] Duke William appears to have arranged his forces in three groups, or "battles", which roughly corresponded to their origins. The left units were the Bretons, [95] along with those from Anjou, Poitou and Maine. This division was led by Alan the Red, a relative of the Breton count. [90] The centre was held by the Normans, [95] under the direct command of the duke and with many of his relatives and kinsmen grouped around the ducal party. [90] The final division, on the right, consisted of the Frenchmen, [95] along with some men from Picardy, Boulogne, and Flanders. The right was commanded by William fitzOsbern and Count Eustace II of Boulogne. [90] The front lines were made up of archers, with a line of foot soldiers armed with spears behind. [95] There were probably a few crossbowmen and slingers in with the archers. [90] The cavalry was held in reserve, [95] and a small group of clergymen and servants situated at the base of Telham Hill was not expected to take part in the fighting. [90] From the 6th century AD until 771, the people of the area around modern-day Hastings, identified the territory as that of the Haestingas tribe and a kingdom separate from the surrounding kingdoms of Suth Saxe ("South Saxons", i.e. Sussex) and Kent. It worked to retain its separate cultural identity until the 11th century. [11] The kingdom was probably a sub-kingdom, the object of a disputed overlordship by the two powerful neighbouring kingdoms: when King Wihtred of Kent settled a dispute with King Ine of Sussex & Wessex in 694, it is probable that he seceded the overlordship of Haestingas to Ine as part of the treaty. [11] [12]

Beauport Park, East Sussex". OpenLearn. Open University. 22 June 2006. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013 . Retrieved 10 August 2013.The exact numbers present at the battle are unknown as even modern estimates vary considerably. The composition of the forces is clearer: the English army was composed almost entirely of infantry and had few archers, whereas only about half of the invading force was infantry, the rest split equally between cavalry and archers. Harold appears to have tried to surprise William, but scouts found his army and reported its arrival to William, who marched from Hastings to the battlefield to confront Harold. The battle lasted from about 9am to dusk. Early efforts of the invaders to break the English battle lines had little effect. Therefore, the Normans adopted the tactic of pretending to flee in panic and then turning on their pursuers. Harold's death, probably near the end of the battle, led to the retreat and defeat of most of his army. After further marching and some skirmishes, William was crowned as king on Christmas Day 1066. Foyle's War". The Internet Movie Database. 2 February 2003. Archived from the original on 17 January 2009 . Retrieved 10 February 2009. Harold II swearing an oath on a box of sacred relics to uphold William I's claim to the throne of England. (more) Every year the Hastings Half Marathon is held in the town although due to Covid-19 restrictions there was no half marathon that took place in 2020 or 2021. The 13.1mi (21.1km) race first took place in 1984 and attracts entrants from all over the country, taking runners on a route encircling the town, starting and finishing by the West Marina Gardens in St Leonards.