Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War

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a b "A little-known massacre explains Somalian hatred". Baltimore Sun. 15 October 1993 . Retrieved 14 March 2022. Delta Force member Paul R. Howe provided much of the information about the Delta force operations for the writing of the book. [2] Bowden met with Howe in 1997 after clearing it with Howe's commanding officer. Other Delta Force members also consulted for the book, but did not allow the use of their real names. Howe has faced some criticism for allowing Bowden to use his real name. [3]

The Rangers and Delta Force soldiers were not the only members of the U.S. military operation who walked the Mogadishu Mile; they included two CSO Marines that were also joined by soldiers from the U.S. 10th Mountain Division: At 6:40p.m., Col. Sharif Hassan Giumale, in charge of managing the majority of the Somali forces on the ground, received written instruction from Aidid to repel any reinforcements and take all measures necessary to prevent the Americans from escaping. [76] About 360 militiamen had encircled the first helicopter, along with hundreds of other armed Somalis volunteers and irregulars not associated with the SNA. [82] No one ran out of the city. The Mog mile was to a rally point where the Pakistani tanks and the vehicles from 10th Mountain were, waiting to take the men of TFR out to the Pakistani stadium." [73] [74] [72]a b Bowden, Mark (10 December 1997). "Confusion as rescue convoy rolls out". inquirer.philly.com. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016 . Retrieved 30 July 2018. Eberwein, Robert T. (2004). The war film. Rutgers University Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-8135-3497-8. a b The Sabre & Lance: Journal of the Pakistan Armoured Corps. (1997). Nowshera: The School of Armour & Mechanised Warfare. Interviews – Ambassador Robert Oakley | Ambush in Mogadishu | FRONTLINE". PBS . Retrieved 25 August 2013. a b "Transcript: William Jefferson Clinton". Foxnews.com. 26 September 2006. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013 . Retrieved 25 August 2013.

Watson, Paul. "Pulitzer Prize-Winning Photo" (acceptance of terms of use required). Toronto Star. [ permanent dead link] a b Laurence, Binet (2013). Somalia 1991–1993: Civil War, Famine Alert and a UN "Military–Humanitarian" Intervention. Médecins Sans Frontières.Stevenson, Jonathan, Losing Mogadishu: Testing U.S. Policy in Somalia, Naval Institute Press (1995).

and we feel the confusion and panic of individual soldiers as the operation begins to unravel. We learn, in passing, about the type of men who become Rangers -- very young (average age, 19), physically fit, highly motivated, and, almost a b Waal, Alex De (2004). Islamism and Its Enemies in the Horn of Africa. Indiana University Press. p.140. ISBN 978-0-253-34403-8. US soldiers died and 75 were injured in a battle with Somalis. The number of Somali deaths was estimated to be 500, while 1,000 were wounded.

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Malaysian military officials whose own troops were involved in the fighting have likewise raised complaints regarding the film's accuracy. Retired Brigadier-General Abdul Latif Ahmad, who at the time commanded Malaysian forces in Mogadishu, told the AFP news agency that Malaysian moviegoers would be under the erroneous impression that the real battle was fought by the Americans alone, with Malaysian troops relegated to serving as "mere bus drivers to ferry them out". [68]